ACTION: externally rotates the hip
REFERRAL: themselves

COMMENTS: These muscles are just under and inferior to the piriformis. People sometimes have a hard time distinguishing deep hip pain from sacroiliac joint pain(lower back pain). These muscles are best worked with a thumb or elbow (you have to get through the gluteus maximus), then add some internal and external rotation to the joint. The abbreviation of these muscles is GOGO's. Gemellus superior, Obturator internus, Gemellus inferior, Obturator Externus(not shown). The Quadratus femoris is not included in the GOGOs acronym. The Gemelli muscle have a high concentration of spindle cells, which leads researchers to view them as sensors for the position of the hip joint rather than prime mover muscles.

To work on the obturator internus, you need to get fairly deep into the butt cheek, and is usually done through a sheet, or wearing latex gloves. Obviously client education and a real need is a prerequisite before you start digging around in this sensitive area.